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faithd(8)

NAME

     faithd -- FAITH IPv6/v4 translator daemon

SYNOPSIS

     faithd [-dp] [-f configfile] service [serverpath [serverargs]]

DESCRIPTION

     The faithd utility provides IPv6-to-IPv4 TCP relay.  It must be used on
     an IPv4/v6 dual stack router.

     When faithd receives TCPv6 traffic, faithd will relay the TCPv6 traffic
     to TCPv4.	Destination for relayed TCPv4 connection will be determined by
     the last 4 octets of the original IPv6 destination.  For example, if
     3ffe:0501:4819:ffff:: is reserved for faithd, and the TCPv6 destination
     address is 3ffe:0501:4819:ffff::0a01:0101, the traffic will be relayed to
     IPv4 destination 10.1.1.1.

     To use faithd translation service, an IPv6 address prefix must be
     reserved for mapping IPv4 addresses into.	Kernel must be properly con-
     figured to route all the TCP connection toward the reserved IPv6 address
     prefix into the faith(4) pseudo interface, by using route(8) command.
     Also, sysctl(8) should be used to configure net.inet6.ip6.keepfaith to 1.

     The router must be configured to capture all the TCP traffic toward
     reserved IPv6 address prefix, by using route(8) and sysctl(8) commands.

     The faithd utility needs a special name-to-address translation logic, so
     that hostnames gets resolved into special IPv6 address prefix.  For
     small-scale installation, use hosts(5).  For large-scale installation, it
     is useful to have a DNS server with special address translation support.
     An implementation called totd is available at
     http://www.vermicelli.pasta.cs.uit.no/ipv6/software.html.	Make sure you
     do not propagate translated DNS records to normal DNS cloud, it is highly
     harmful.

   Daemon mode
     When faithd is invoked as a standalone program, faithd will daemonize
     itself.  The faithd utility will listen to TCPv6 port service.  If TCPv6
     traffic to port service is found, it relays the connection.

     Since faithd listens to TCP port service, it is not possible to run local
     TCP daemons for port service on the router, using inetd(8) or other stan-
     dard mechanisms.  By specifying serverpath to faithd, you can run local
     daemons on the router.  The faithd utility will invoke local daemon at
     serverpath if the destination address is local interface address, and
     will perform translation to IPv4 TCP in other cases.  You can also spec-
     ify serverargs for the arguments for the local daemon.

     The following options are available:

     -d      Debugging information will be generated using syslog(3).

     -f configfile
	     Specify a configuration file for access control.  See below.

     -p      Use privileged TCP port number as source port, for IPv4 TCP con-
	     nection toward final destination.	For relaying ftp(1), this flag

     Inactive sessions will be disconnected in 30 minutes, to avoid stale ses-
     sions from chewing up resources.  This may be inappropriate for some of
     the services (should this be configurable?).

   inetd mode
     When faithd is invoked via inetd(8), faithd will handle connection passed
     from standard input.  If the connection endpoint is in the reserved IPv6
     address prefix, faithd will relay the connection.	Otherwise, faithd will
     invoke service-specific daemon like telnetd(8), by using the command
     argument passed from inetd(8).

     The faithd utility determines operation mode by the local TCP port num-
     ber, and enables special protocol handling whenever necessary/possible.
     For example, if faithd is invoked via inetd(8) on FTP port, it will oper-
     ate as a FTP relay.

     The operation mode requires special support for faithd in inetd(8).

   Access control
     To prevent malicious accesses, faithd implements a simple address-based
     access control.  With /etc/faithd.conf (or configfile specified by -f),
     faithd will avoid relaying unwanted traffic.  The faithd.conf contains
     directives with the following format:

     o	 src/slen deny dst/dlen

	 If the source address of a query matches src/slen, and the translated
	 destination address matches dst/dlen, deny the connection.

     o	 src/slen permit dst/dlen

	 If the source address of a query matches src/slen, and the translated
	 destination address matches dst/dlen, permit the connection.

     The directives are evaluated in sequence, and the first matching entry
     will be effective.  If there is no match (if we reach the end of the
     ruleset) the traffic will be denied.

     With inetd mode, traffic may be filtered by using access control func-
     tionality in inetd(8).

DIAGNOSTICS

     The faithd utility exits with EXIT_SUCCESS (0) on success, and
     EXIT_FAILURE (1) on error.

EXAMPLES

     Before invoking faithd, faith(4) interface has to be configured properly.

     # sysctl net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv=0
     # sysctl net.inet6.ip6.forwarding=1
     # sysctl net.inet6.ip6.keepfaith=1
     # ifconfig faith0 up
     # route add -inet6 3ffe:501:4819:ffff:: -prefixlen 96 ::1
     # route change -inet6 3ffe:501:4819:ffff:: -prefixlen 96 -ifp faith0

   Daemon mode samples
     To translate telnet service, and provide no local telnet service, invoke
     faithd as follows:
     If you would like to pass extra arguments to the local daemon:

     # faithd ftp /usr/libexec/ftpd ftpd -l

     Here are some other examples.  You may need -p if the service checks the
     source port range.

     # faithd ssh
     # faithd telnet /usr/libexec/telnetd telnetd

   inetd mode samples
     Add the following lines into inetd.conf(5).  Syntax may vary depending
     upon your operating system.

     telnet  stream  tcp6/faith  nowait  root  faithd  telnetd
     ftp     stream  tcp6/faith  nowait  root  faithd  ftpd -l
     ssh     stream  tcp6/faith  nowait  root  faithd  /usr/sbin/sshd -i

     inetd(8) will open listening sockets with enabling kernel TCP relay sup-
     port.  Whenever connection comes in, faithd will be invoked by inetd(8).
     If it the connection endpoint is in the reserved IPv6 address prefix.
     The faithd utility will relay the connection.  Otherwise, faithd will
     invoke service-specific daemon like telnetd(8).

   Access control samples
     The following illustrates a simple faithd.conf setting.

     # permit anyone from 3ffe:501:ffff::/48 to use the translator,
     # to connect to the following IPv4 destinations:
     # - any location except 10.0.0.0/8 and 127.0.0.0/8.
     # Permit no other connections.
     #
     3ffe:501:ffff::/48 deny 10.0.0.0/8
     3ffe:501:ffff::/48 deny 127.0.0.0/8
     3ffe:501:ffff::/48 permit 0.0.0.0/0

SEE ALSO

     faith(4), route(8), sysctl(8)

     Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino and Kazu Yamamoto, "An IPv6-to-IPv4 transport
     relay translator", RFC3142, June 2001, ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-
     notes/rfc3142.txt.

HISTORY

     The faithd utility first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack
     kit.

     IPv6 and IPsec support based on the KAME Project (http://www.kame.net/)
     stack was initially integrated into FreeBSD 4.0

SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS

     It is very insecure to use IP-address based authentication, for connec-
     tions relayed by faithd, and any other TCP relaying services.

     Administrators are advised to limit accesses to faithd using faithd.conf,
     or by using IPv6 packet filters.  It is to protect faithd service from
     malicious parties and avoid theft of service/bandwidth.  IPv6 destination
     address can be limited by carefully configuring routing entries that

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