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kill(2)

NAME

     kill -- send signal to a process

LIBRARY

     Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS

     #include <sys/types.h>
     #include <signal.h>

     int
     kill(pid_t pid, int sig);

DESCRIPTION

     The kill() system call sends the signal given by sig to pid, a process or
     a group of processes.  The sig argument may be one of the signals speci-
     fied in sigaction(2) or it may be 0, in which case error checking is per-
     formed but no signal is actually sent.  This can be used to check the
     validity of pid.

     For a process to have permission to send a signal to a process designated
     by pid, the real or effective user ID of the receiving process must match
     that of the sending process or the user must have appropriate privileges
     (such as given by a set-user-ID program or the user is the super-user).
     A single exception is the signal SIGCONT, which may always be sent to any
     process with the same session ID as the caller.

     If pid is greater than zero:
	     The sig signal is sent to the process whose ID is equal to pid.

     If pid is zero:
	     The sig signal is sent to all processes whose group ID is equal
	     to the process group ID of the sender, and for which the process
	     has permission; this is a variant of killpg(2).

     If pid is -1:
	     If the user has super-user privileges, the signal is sent to all
	     processes excluding system processes (with P_SYSTEM flag set),
	     process with ID 1 (usually init(8)), and the process sending the
	     signal.  If the user is not the super user, the signal is sent to
	     all processes with the same uid as the user excluding the process
	     sending the signal.  No error is returned if any process could be
	     signaled.

     For compatibility with System V, if the process number is negative but
     not -1, the signal is sent to all processes whose process group ID is
     equal to the absolute value of the process number.  This is a variant of
     killpg(2).

RETURN VALUES

     The kill() function returns the value 0 if successful; otherwise the
     value -1 is returned and the global variable errno is set to indicate the
     error.

ERRORS

     The kill() system call will fail and no signal will be sent if:

     [EPERM]		The sending process is not the super-user and its
			effective user id does not match the effective user-id
			of the receiving process.  When signaling a process
			group, this error is returned if any members of the
			group could not be signaled.

SEE ALSO

     getpgrp(2), getpid(2), killpg(2), sigaction(2), raise(3), init(8)

STANDARDS

     The kill() system call is expected to conform to ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990
     (``POSIX.1'').

HISTORY

     The kill() function appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.

FreeBSD 5.4			April 19, 1994			   FreeBSD 5.4

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