FreeBSD Man Pages

ctm_smail(1)

NAME

     ctm_smail, ctm_dequeue, ctm_rmail -- send and receive ctm(1) deltas via
     mail

SYNOPSIS

     ctm_smail [-l log] [-m maxmsgsize] [-c maxctmsize] [-q queue-dir]
	       ctm-delta mail-alias
     ctm_dequeue [-l log] [-n numchunks] queue-dir
     ctm_rmail [-Dfuv] [-l log] [-p piecedir] [-d deltadir] [-b basedir]
	       [file ...]

DESCRIPTION

     In conjunction with the ctm(1) command, ctm_smail, ctm_dequeue and
     ctm_rmail are used to distribute changes to a source tree via email.  The
     ctm_smail utility is given a compressed ctm delta, and a mailing list to
     send it to.  It splits the delta into manageable pieces, encodes them as
     mail messages and sends them to the mailing list (optionally queued to
     spread the mail load).  Each recipient uses ctm_rmail (either manually or
     automatically) to decode and reassemble the delta, and optionally call
     ctm to apply it to the source tree.  At the moment, several source trees
     are distributed, and by several sites.  These include the FreeBSD-current
     source and CVS trees, distributed by freefall.FreeBSD.org.

     Command line arguments for ctm_smail:

     -l log  Instead of appearing on stderr, error diagnostics and informa-
	     tional messages (other than command line errors) are time stamped
	     and written to the file log.

     -m maxmsgsize
	     Limit the maximum size mail message that ctm_smail is allowed to
	     send.  It is approximate since mail headers and other niceties
	     are not counted in this limit.  If not specified, it will default
	     to 64000 bytes, leaving room for 1535 bytes of headers before the
	     rumoured 64k mail limit.

     -c maxctmsize
	     Limit the maximum size delta that will be sent.  Deltas bigger
	     that this limit will cause an apology mail message to be sent to
	     the mailing list.	This is to prevent massive changes overwhelm-
	     ing users' mail boxes.  Note that this is the size before encod-
	     ing.  Encoding causes a 4/3 size increase before mail headers are
	     added.  If not specified, there is no limit.

     -q queue-dir
	     Instead of mailing the delta pieces now, store them in the given
	     directory to be mailed later using ctm_dequeue.  This feature
	     allows the mailing of large deltas to be spread out over hours or
	     even days to limit the impact on recipients with limited network
	     bandwidth or small mail spool areas.

     ctm-delta is the delta to be sent, and mail-alias is the mailing list to
     send the delta to.  The mail messages are sent using sendmail(8).

     Command line arguments for ctm_dequeue:

     -l log  Instead of appearing on stderr, error diagnostics and informa-
     ctm_smail.  Up to numchunks mail messages will be sent in each run.  The
     recipient mailing list is already encoded in the queued files.

     It is safe to run ctm_dequeue while ctm_smail is adding entries to the
     queue, or even to run ctm_smail multiple times concurrently, but a sepa-
     rate queue directory should be used for each tree being distributed.
     This is because entries are served in alphabetical order, and one tree
     will be unfairly serviced before any others, based on the delta names,
     not delta creation times.

     Command line arguments for ctm_rmail:

     -l log  Instead of appearing on stderr, error diagnostics and informa-
	     tional messages (other than command line errors) are time stamped
	     and written to the file log.

     -p piecedir
	     Collect pieces of deltas in this directory.  Each piece corre-
	     sponds to a single mail message.  Pieces are removed when com-
	     plete deltas are built.  If this flag is not given, no input
	     files will be read, but completed deltas may still be applied
	     with ctm if the -b flag is given.

     -d deltadir
	     Collect completed deltas in this directory.  Deltas are built
	     from one or more pieces when all pieces are present.

     -b basedir
	     Apply any completed deltas to this source tree.  If this flag is
	     not given, deltas will be stored, but not applied.  The user may
	     then apply the deltas manually, or by using ctm_rmail without the
	     -p flag.  Deltas will not be applied if they do not match the
	     .ctm_status file in basedir (or if .ctm_status does not exist).

     -D      Delete deltas after successful application by ctm.  It is proba-
	     bly a good idea to avoid this flag (and keep all the deltas) as
	     ctm has the ability to recover small groups of files from a full
	     set of deltas.

     -f      Fork and execute in the background while applying deltas with
	     ctm.  This is useful when automatically invoking ctm_rmail from
	     sendmail because ctm can take a very long time to complete, caus-
	     ing other people's mail to be delayed, and can in theory cause
	     spurious mail retransmission due to the remote sendmail timing
	     out, or even termination of ctm_rmail by mail filters such as
	     MH's slocal.  Don't worry about zillions of background ctm pro-
	     cesses loading your machine, since locking is used to prevent
	     more than one ctm invocation at a time.

     -u      Pass the -u flag to the ctm command when applying the complete
	     deltas, causing it to set the modification time of created and
	     modified files to the CTM delta creation time.

     -v      Pass the -v flag to the ctm command when applying the complete
	     deltas, causing a more informative output.  All ctm output
	     appears in the ctm_rmail log file.

     The file arguments (or stdin, if there are none) are scanned for delta
     Following are the important parts of an actual (very small) delta piece:

     From: owner-src-cur
     To: src-cur
     Subject: ctm-mail src-cur.0003.gz 1/4

     CTM_MAIL BEGIN src-cur.0003.gz 1 4
     H4sIAAAAAAACA3VU72/bNhD9bP0VByQoEiyRSZEUSQP9kKTeYCR2gDTdsGFAwB/HRogtG5K8NCj6
     v4+UZSdtUQh6Rz0eee/xaF/dzx8up3/MFlDkBNrGnbttAwyo1pxoRgoiBNX/QJ5d3c9/X8DcPGGo
     lggkPiXngE4W1gUjKPJCYyk5MZRbIqmNW/ASglIFcdwIzTUxaAqhnCPcBqloKEkJVNDMF0Azk+Bo
     dDzzk0Ods/+A5gXv9YyJHjMCtJwQNeESNma7hOmXDRxn
     CTM_MAIL END 61065

     The subject of the message always begins with ``ctm-mail'' followed by
     the name of the delta, which piece this is, and how many total pieces
     there are.  The data are bracketed by ``CTM_MAIL BEGIN'' and ``CTM_MAIL
     END'' lines, duplicating the information in the subject line, plus a sim-
     ple checksum.

     If the delta exceeds maxctmsize, then a message like this will be
     received instead:

     From: owner-src-cur
     To: src-cur
     Subject: ctm-notice src-cur.0999.gz

     src-cur.0999.gz is 792843 bytes.  The limit is 300000 bytes.

     You can retrieve this delta via ftp.

     You are then on your own!

EXAMPLES

     To send delta 32 of src-cur to a group of wonderful code hackers known to
     sendmail as src-guys, limiting the mail size to roughly 60000 bytes, you
     could use:

	   ctm_smail -m 60000 /wherever/it/is/src-cur.0032.gz src-guys

     To decode every ctm-mail message in your mailbox, assemble them into com-
     plete deltas, then apply any deltas built or lying around, you could use:

	   ctm_rmail -p ~/pieces -d ~/deltas -b /usr/ctm-src-cur $MAIL

     (Note that no messages are deleted by ctm_rmail.  Any mail reader could
     be used for that purpose.)

     To create a mail alias called receiver-dude that will automatically
     decode and assemble deltas, but not apply them, you could put the follow-
     ing lines in your /etc/mail/aliases file (assuming the /ctm/tmp and
     /ctm/deltas directories and /ctm/log file are writable by user daemon or
     group wheel):

	   receiver-dude: "|ctm_rmail -p /ctm/tmp -d /ctm/deltas -l /ctm/log"
	   owner-receiver-dude: real_dude@wherever.you.like

     The second line will catch failures and drop them into your regular mail-
     box, or wherever else you like.

	   PATH=$HOME/bin:$PATH

	   :0 w
	   * ^Subject: ctm-mail cvs-cur
	   | ctm_incoming

     together with the shell script ~/bin/ctm_incoming:

	   #! /bin/sh
	   PATH="$HOME/bin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin"
	   export PATH

	   cd $HOME/ctm && ctm_rmail -f -p pieces -d deltas -l log -b /ctm

     which will deposit all ctm deltas in ~/ctm/deltas, apply them to the tree
     in /ctm, and drop any failures into your regular mail box.  Note the PATH
     manipulation in ctm_incoming which allows ctm_rmail to execute ctm(1) on
     the (non-FreeBSD) machine that this example was taken from.

SECURITY

     On its own, CTM is an insecure protocol - there is no authentication per-
     formed that the changes applied to the source code were sent by a trusted
     party, and so care should be taken if the CTM deltas are obtained via an
     unauthenticated medium such as regular email.  It is a relatively simple
     matter for an attacker to forge a CTM delta to replace or precede the
     legitimate one and insert malicious code into your source tree.  If the
     legitimate delta is somehow prevented from arriving, this will go unno-
     ticed until a later delta attempts to touch the same file, at which point
     the MD5 checksum will fail.

     To remedy this insecurity, CTM delta pieces generated by FreeBSD.org are
     cryptographically signed in a format compatible with the GNU Privacy
     Guard utility, available in /usr/ports/security/gpg, and the Pretty Good
     Privacy v5 utility, /usr/ports/security/pgp5.  The relevant public key
     can be obtained by fingering ctm@FreeBSD.org.

     CTM deltas which are thus signed cannot be undetectably altered by an
     attacker.	Therefore it is recommended that you make use of GPG or PGP5
     to verify the signatures if you receive your CTM deltas via email.

ENVIRONMENT

     If deltas are to be applied then ctm(1) and gunzip(1) must be in your
     PATH.

FILES

     QUEUEDIR/*
	     Pieces of deltas encoded as mail messages waiting to be sent to
	     the mailing list.

     PIECEDIR/*
	     Pieces of deltas waiting for the rest to arrive.

     DELTADIR/*
	     Completed deltas.

     BASEDIR/.ctm_status
	     File containing the name and number of the next delta to be
	     applied to this source tree.

     enough to bounce the mail, and ctm_rmail returns an exit status of 0.

     In normal operation, ctm_smail will report messages like:

	   ctm_smail: src-cur.0250.gz 1/2 sent to src-guys

     or, if queueing,

	   ctm_smail: src-cur.0250.gz 1/2 queued for src-guys

     The ctm_dequeue utility will report messages like:

	   ctm_dequeue: src-cur.0250.gz 1/2 sent

     The ctm_rmail utility will report messages like:

	   ctm_rmail: src-cur.0250.gz 1/2 stored
	   ctm_rmail: src-cur.0250.gz 2/2 stored
	   ctm_rmail: src-cur.0250.gz complete

     If any of the input files do not contain a valid delta piece, ctm_rmail
     will report:

	   ctm_rmail: message contains no delta

     and return an exit status of 1.  You can use this to redirect wayward
     messages back into your real mailbox if your mail filter goes wonky.

     These messages go to stderr or to the log file.  Messages from ctm(1)
     turn up here too.	Error messages should be self explanatory.

SEE ALSO

     ctm(1), ctm(5)

AUTHORS

     Stephen McKay <mckay@FreeBSD.org>

FreeBSD 5.4		       January 24, 1995 		   FreeBSD 5.4

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