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pftp(1)

NAME

     ftp -- Internet file transfer program

SYNOPSIS

     ftp [-46AadefginpRtvV] [-N netrc] [-o output] [-P port] [-q quittime]
	 [-r retry] [-T dir,max[,inc]] [[user@]host [port]]
	 [[user@]host:[path][/]] [file:///path]
	 [ftp://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path[/][;type=X]]
	 [http://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path] [...]
     ftp -u URL file [...]

DESCRIPTION

     ftp is the user interface to the Internet standard File Transfer Proto-
     col.  The program allows a user to transfer files to and from a remote
     network site.

     The last five arguments will fetch a file using the FTP or HTTP proto-
     cols, or by direct copying, into the current directory.  This is ideal
     for scripts.  Refer to AUTO-FETCHING FILES below for more information.

     Options may be specified at the command line, or to the command inter-
     preter.

     -4       Forces ftp to only use IPv4 addresses.

     -6       Forces ftp to only use IPv6 addresses.

     -A       Force active mode ftp.  By default, ftp will try to use passive
	      mode ftp and fall back to active mode if passive is not sup-
	      ported by the server.  This option causes ftp to always use an
	      active connection.  It is only useful for connecting to very old
	      servers that do not implement passive mode properly.

     -a       Causes ftp to bypass normal login procedure, and use an anony-
	      mous login instead.

     -d       Enables debugging.

     -e       Disables command line editing.  This is useful for Emacs ange-
	      ftp mode.

     -f       Forces a cache reload for transfers that go through the FTP or
	      HTTP proxies.

     -g       Disables file name globbing.

     -i       Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers.

     -n       Restrains ftp from attempting ``auto-login'' upon initial con-
	      nection for non auto-fetch transfers.  If auto-login is enabled,
	      ftp will check the .netrc (see below) file in the user's home
	      directory for an entry describing an account on the remote
	      machine.	If no entry exists, ftp will prompt for the remote
	      machine login name (default is the user identity on the local
	      machine), and, if necessary, prompt for a password and an
	      account with which to login.  To override the auto-login for
	      auto-fetch transfers, specify the username (and optionally,
	      is parsed according to the FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS below.  If
	      output is not `-' or doesn't start with `|', then only the first
	      file specified will be retrieved into output; all other files
	      will be retrieved into the basename of their remote name.

     -p       Enable passive mode operation for use behind connection filter-
	      ing firewalls.  This option has been deprecated as ftp now tries
	      to use passive mode by default, falling back to active mode if
	      the server does not support passive connections.

     -P port  Sets the port number to port.

     -r wait  Retry the connection attempt if it failed, pausing for wait sec-
	      onds.

     -q quittime
	      Quit if the connection has stalled for quittime seconds.

     -R       Restart all non-proxied auto-fetches.

     -t       Enables packet tracing.

     -T direction,maximum[,increment]
	      Set the maximum transfer rate for direction to maximum
	      bytes/second, and if specified, the increment to increment
	      bytes/second.  Refer to rate for more information.

     -u URL file [...]
	      Upload files on the command line to URL where URL is one of the
	      ftp URL types as supported by auto-fetch (with an optional tar-
	      get filename for single file uploads), and file is one or more
	      local files to be uploaded.

     -v       Enable verbose and progress.  This is the default if output is
	      to a terminal (and in the case of progress, ftp is the fore-
	      ground process).	Forces ftp to show all responses from the
	      remote server, as well as report on data transfer statistics.

     -V       Disable verbose and progress, overriding the default of enabled
	      when output is to a terminal.

     The client host with which ftp is to communicate may be specified on the
     command line.  If this is done, ftp will immediately attempt to establish
     a connection to an FTP server on that host; otherwise, ftp will enter its
     command interpreter and await instructions from the user.	When ftp is
     awaiting commands from the user the prompt `ftp>' is provided to the
     user.  The following commands are recognized by ftp:

     ! [command [args]]
		 Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine.  If there
		 are arguments, the first is taken to be a command to execute
		 directly, with the rest of the arguments as its arguments.

     $ macro-name [args]
		 Execute the macro macro-name that was defined with the macdef
		 command.  Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed.

     account [passwd]

		 in naming the remote file after being altered by any ntrans
		 or nmap setting.  File transfer uses the current settings for
		 type, format, mode, and structure.

     ascii	 Set the file transfer type to network ASCII.  This is the
		 default type.

     bell	 Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer com-
		 mand is completed.

     binary	 Set the file transfer type to support binary image transfer.

     bye	 Terminate the FTP session with the remote server and exit
		 ftp.  An end of file will also terminate the session and
		 exit.

     case	 Toggle remote computer file name case mapping during get,
		 mget and mput commands.  When case is on (default is off),
		 remote computer file names with all letters in upper case are
		 written in the local directory with the letters mapped to
		 lower case.

     cd remote-directory
		 Change the working directory on the remote machine to
		 remote-directory.

     cdup	 Change the remote machine working directory to the parent of
		 the current remote machine working directory.

     chmod mode remote-file
		 Change the permission modes of the file remote-file on the
		 remote system to mode.

     close	 Terminate the FTP session with the remote server, and return
		 to the command interpreter.  Any defined macros are erased.

     cr 	 Toggle carriage return stripping during ascii type file
		 retrieval.  Records are denoted by a carriage return/linefeed
		 sequence during ascii type file transfer.  When cr is on (the
		 default), carriage returns are stripped from this sequence to
		 conform with the UNIX single linefeed record delimiter.
		 Records on non-UNIX remote systems may contain single line-
		 feeds; when an ascii type transfer is made, these linefeeds
		 may be distinguished from a record delimiter only when cr is
		 off.

     debug [debug-value]
		 Toggle debugging mode.  If an optional debug-value is speci-
		 fied it is used to set the debugging level.  When debugging
		 is on, ftp prints each command sent to the remote machine,
		 preceded by the string `-->'

     delete remote-file
		 Delete the file remote-file on the remote machine.

     dir [remote-path [local-file]]
		 Print a listing of the contents of a directory on the remote
		 machine.  The listing includes any system-dependent informa-

     disconnect  A synonym for close.

     edit	 Toggle command line editing, and context sensitive command
		 and file completion.  This is automatically enabled if input
		 is from a terminal, and disabled otherwise.

     epsv4	 Toggle the use of the extended EPSV and EPRT commands on IPv4
		 connections; first try EPSV / EPRT, and then PASV / PORT.
		 This is enabled by default.  If an extended command fails
		 then this option will be temporarily disabled for the dura-
		 tion of the current connection, or until epsv4 is executed
		 again.

     exit	 A synonym for bye.

     features	 Display what features the remote server supports (using the
		 FEAT command).

     fget localfile
		 Retrieve the files listed in localfile, which has one line
		 per filename.

     form format
		 Set the file transfer form to format.	The default (and only
		 supported) format is ``non-print''.

     ftp host [port]
		 A synonym for open.

     gate [host [port]]
		 Toggle gate-ftp mode, which used to connect through the TIS
		 FWTK and Gauntlet ftp proxies.  This will not be permitted if
		 the gate-ftp server hasn't been set (either explicitly by the
		 user, or from the FTPSERVER environment variable).  If host
		 is given, then gate-ftp mode will be enabled, and the gate-
		 ftp server will be set to host.  If port is also given, that
		 will be used as the port to connect to on the gate-ftp
		 server.

     get remote-file [local-file]
		 Retrieve the remote-file and store it on the local machine.
		 If the local file name is not specified, it is given the same
		 name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by
		 the current case, ntrans, and nmap settings.  The current
		 settings for type, form, mode, and structure are used while
		 transferring the file.

     glob	 Toggle filename expansion for mdelete, mget, mput, and
		 mreget.  If globbing is turned off with glob, the file name
		 arguments are taken literally and not expanded.  Globbing for
		 mput is done as in csh(1).  For mdelete, mget, and mreget,
		 each remote file name is expanded separately on the remote
		 machine and the lists are not merged.	Expansion of a direc-
		 tory name is likely to be different from expansion of the
		 name of an ordinary file: the exact result depends on the
		 foreign operating system and ftp server, and can be previewed
		 by doing `mls remote-files -' Note: mget, mput and mreget are
		 hash disables progress.

     help [command]
		 Print an informative message about the meaning of command.
		 If no argument is given, ftp prints a list of the known com-
		 mands.

     idle [seconds]
		 Set the inactivity timer on the remote server to seconds sec-
		 onds.	If seconds is omitted, the current inactivity timer is
		 printed.

     image	 A synonym for binary.

     lcd [directory]
		 Change the working directory on the local machine.  If no
		 directory is specified, the user's home directory is used.

     less file	 A synonym for page.

     lpage local-file
		 Display local-file with the program specified by the set
		 pager option.

     lpwd	 Print the working directory on the local machine.

     ls [remote-path [local-file]]
		 A synonym for dir.

     macdef macro-name
		 Define a macro.  Subsequent lines are stored as the macro
		 macro-name; a null line (consecutive newline characters in a
		 file or carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro
		 input mode.  There is a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total
		 characters in all defined macros.  Macros remain defined
		 until a close command is executed.  The macro processor
		 interprets `$' and `\' as special characters.	A `$' followed
		 by a number (or numbers) is replaced by the corresponding
		 argument on the macro invocation command line.  A `$' fol-
		 lowed by an `i' signals that macro processor that the execut-
		 ing macro is to be looped.  On the first pass `$i' is
		 replaced by the first argument on the macro invocation com-
		 mand line, on the second pass it is replaced by the second
		 argument, and so on.  A `\' followed by any character is
		 replaced by that character.  Use the `\' to prevent special
		 treatment of the `$'.

     mdelete [remote-files]
		 Delete the remote-files on the remote machine.

     mdir remote-files local-file
		 Like dir, except multiple remote files may be specified.  If
		 interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to ver-
		 ify that the last argument is indeed the target local file
		 for receiving mdir output.

     mget remote-files
		 Expand the remote-files on the remote machine and do a get
		 Make a directory on the remote machine.

     mls remote-files local-file
		 Like ls, except multiple remote files may be specified, and
		 the local-file must be specified.  If interactive prompting
		 is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argu-
		 ment is indeed the target local file for receiving mls out-
		 put.

     mlsd [remote-path]
		 Display the contents of remote-path (which should default to
		 the current directory if not given) in a machine-parsable
		 form, using MLSD.  The format of display can be changed with
		 `remopts mlst ...'.

     mlst [remote-path]
		 Display the details about remote-path (which should default
		 to the current directory if not given) in a machine-parsable
		 form, using MLST.  The format of display can be changed with
		 `remopts mlst ...'.

     mode mode-name
		 Set the file transfer mode to mode-name.  The default (and
		 only supported) mode is ``stream''.

     modtime remote-file
		 Show the last modification time of the file on the remote
		 machine.

     more file	 A synonym for page.

     mput local-files
		 Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as argu-
		 ments and do a put for each file in the resulting list.  See
		 glob for details of filename expansion.  Resulting file names
		 will then be processed according to ntrans and nmap settings.

     mreget remote-files
		 As per mget, but performs a reget instead of get.

     msend local-files
		 A synonym for mput.

     newer remote-file [local-file]
		 Get the file only if the modification time of the remote file
		 is more recent that the file on the current system.  If the
		 file does not exist on the current system, the remote file is
		 considered newer.  Otherwise, this command is identical to
		 get.

     nlist [remote-path [local-file]]
		 A synonym for ls.

     nmap [inpattern outpattern]
		 Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism.  If no arguments
		 are specified, the filename mapping mechanism is unset.  If
		 arguments are specified, remote filenames are mapped during
		 mput commands and put commands issued without a specified
		 settings).  Variable templating is accomplished by including
		 the sequences `$1', `$2', ..., `$9' in inpattern.  Use `\' to
		 prevent this special treatment of the `$' character.  All
		 other characters are treated literally, and are used to
		 determine the nmap [inpattern] variable values.  For example,
		 given inpattern $1.$2 and the remote file name "mydata.data",
		 $1 would have the value "mydata", and $2 would have the value
		 "data".  The outpattern determines the resulting mapped file-
		 name.	The sequences `$1', `$2', ...., `$9' are replaced by
		 any value resulting from the inpattern template.  The
		 sequence `$0' is replace by the original filename.  Addition-
		 ally, the sequence `[seq1, seq2]' is replaced by [seq1] if
		 seq1 is not a null string; otherwise it is replaced by seq2.
		 For example, the command

		       nmap $1.$2.$3 [$1,$2].[$2,file]

		 would yield the output filename "myfile.data" for input file-
		 names "myfile.data" and "myfile.data.old", "myfile.file" for
		 the input filename "myfile", and "myfile.myfile" for the
		 input filename ".myfile".  Spaces may be included in
		 outpattern, as in the example: `nmap $1 sed "s/  *$//" > $1'
		 .  Use the `\' character to prevent special treatment of the
		 `$','[',']', and `,' characters.

     ntrans [inchars [outchars]]
		 Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism.
		 If no arguments are specified, the filename character trans-
		 lation mechanism is unset.  If arguments are specified, char-
		 acters in remote filenames are translated during mput com-
		 mands and put commands issued without a specified remote tar-
		 get filename.	If arguments are specified, characters in
		 local filenames are translated during mget commands and get
		 commands issued without a specified local target filename.
		 This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote
		 computer with different file naming conventions or practices.
		 Characters in a filename matching a character in inchars are
		 replaced with the corresponding character in outchars.  If
		 the character's position in inchars is longer than the length
		 of outchars, the character is deleted from the file name.

     open host [port]
		 Establish a connection to the specified host FTP server.  An
		 optional port number may be supplied, in which case, ftp will
		 attempt to contact an FTP server at that port.  If the set
		 auto-login option is on (default), ftp will also attempt to
		 automatically log the user in to the FTP server (see below).

     page file	 Retrieve file and display with the program specified by the
		 set pager option.

     passive [auto]
		 Toggle passive mode (if no arguments are given).  If auto is
		 given, act as if FTPMODE is set to `auto'.  If passive mode
		 is turned on (default), ftp will send a PASV command for all
		 data connections instead of a PORT command.  The PASV command
		 requests that the remote server open a port for the data con-
		 nection and return the address of that port.  The remote

     pdir [remote-path]
		 Perform dir [remote-path], and display the result with the
		 program specified by the set pager option.

     pls [remote-path]
		 Perform ls [remote-path], and display the result with the
		 program specified by the set pager option.

     pmlsd [remote-path]
		 Perform mlsd [remote-path], and display the result with the
		 program specified by the set pager option.

     preserve	 Toggle preservation of modification times on retrieved files.

     progress	 Toggle display of transfer progress bar.  The progress bar
		 will be disabled for a transfer that has local-file as `-' or
		 a command that starts with `|'.  Refer to FILE NAMING
		 CONVENTIONS for more information.  Enabling progress disables
		 hash.

     prompt	 Toggle interactive prompting.	Interactive prompting occurs
		 during multiple file transfers to allow the user to selec-
		 tively retrieve or store files.  If prompting is turned off
		 (default is on), any mget or mput will transfer all files,
		 and any mdelete will delete all files.

		 When prompting is on, the following commands are available at
		 a prompt:

		       a   Answer `yes' to the current file, and automatically
			   answer `yes' to any remaining files for the current
			   command.

		       n   Answer `no', and do not transfer the file.

		       p   Answer `yes' to the current file, and turn off
			   prompt mode (as is ``prompt off'' had been given).

		       q   Terminate the current operation.

		       y   Answer `yes', and transfer the file.

		       ?   Display a help message.

		 Any other response will answer `yes' to the current file.

     proxy ftp-command
		 Execute an ftp command on a secondary control connection.
		 This command allows simultaneous connection to two remote FTP
		 servers for transferring files between the two servers.  The
		 first proxy command should be an open, to establish the sec-
		 ondary control connection.  Enter the command "proxy ?" to
		 see other FTP commands executable on the secondary connec-
		 tion.	The following commands behave differently when pref-
		 aced by proxy: open will not define new macros during the
		 auto-login process, close will not erase existing macro defi-
		 nitions, get and mget transfer files from the host on the
		 Store a local file on the remote machine.  If remote-file is
		 left unspecified, the local file name is used after process-
		 ing according to any ntrans or nmap settings in naming the
		 remote file.  File transfer uses the current settings for
		 type, format, mode, and structure.

     pwd	 Print the name of the current working directory on the remote
		 machine.

     quit	 A synonym for bye.

     quote arg1 arg2 ...
		 The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP
		 server.

     rate direction [maximum [increment]]
		 Throttle the maximum transfer rate to maximum bytes/second.
		 If maximum is 0, disable the throttle.

		 direction may be one of:
		       all  Both directions.
		       get  Incoming transfers.
		       put  Outgoing transfers.

		 maximum can by modified on the fly by increment bytes
		 (default: 1024) each time a given signal is received:

		       SIGUSR1	Increment maximum by increment bytes.

		       SIGUSR2	Decrement maximum by increment bytes.  The
				result must be a positive number.

		 If maximum is not supplied, the current throttle rates are
		 displayed.

		 Note: rate is not yet implemented for ascii mode transfers.

     rcvbuf size
		 Set the size of the socket receive buffer to size.

     recv remote-file [local-file]
		 A synonym for get.

     reget remote-file [local-file]
		 reget acts like get, except that if local-file exists and is
		 smaller than remote-file, local-file is presumed to be a par-
		 tially transferred copy of remote-file and the transfer is
		 continued from the apparent point of failure.	This command
		 is useful when transferring very large files over networks
		 that are prone to dropping connections.

     remopts command [command-options]
		 Set options on the remote FTP server for command to
		 command-options (whose absence is handled on a command-spe-
		 cific basis).	Remote FTP commands known to support options
		 include: `MLST' (used for MLSD and MLST).

     rename [from [to]]

		 Restart the immediately following get or put at the indicated
		 marker.  On UNIX systems, marker is usually a byte offset
		 into the file.

     rhelp [command-name]
		 Request help from the remote FTP server.  If a command-name
		 is specified it is supplied to the server as well.

     rmdir directory-name
		 Delete a directory on the remote machine.

     rstatus [remote-file]
		 With no arguments, show status of remote machine.  If
		 remote-file is specified, show status of remote-file on
		 remote machine.

     runique	 Toggle storing of files on the local system with unique file-
		 names.  If a file already exists with a name equal to the
		 target local filename for a get or mget command, a ".1" is
		 appended to the name.	If the resulting name matches another
		 existing file, a ".2" is appended to the original name.  If
		 this process continues up to ".99", an error message is
		 printed, and the transfer does not take place.  The generated
		 unique filename will be reported.  Note that runique will not
		 affect local files generated from a shell command (see
		 below).  The default value is off.

     send local-file [remote-file]
		 A synonym for put.

     sendport	 Toggle the use of PORT commands.  By default, ftp will
		 attempt to use a PORT command when establishing a connection
		 for each data transfer.  The use of PORT commands can prevent
		 delays when performing multiple file transfers.  If the PORT
		 command fails, ftp will use the default data port.  When the
		 use of PORT commands is disabled, no attempt will be made to
		 use PORT commands for each data transfer.  This is useful for
		 certain FTP implementations which do ignore PORT commands
		 but, incorrectly, indicate they've been accepted.

     set [option value]
		 Set option to value.  If option and value are not given, dis-
		 play all of the options and their values.  The currently sup-
		 ported options are:

		       anonpass    Defaults to $FTPANONPASS

		       ftp_proxy   Defaults to $ftp_proxy.

		       http_proxy  Defaults to $http_proxy.

		       no_proxy    Defaults to $no_proxy.

		       pager	   Defaults to $PAGER.

		       prompt	   Defaults to $FTPPROMPT.

		       rprompt	   Defaults to $FTPRPROMPT.

     sndbuf size
		 Set the size of the socket send buffer to size.

     status	 Show the current status of ftp.

     struct struct-name
		 Set the file transfer structure to struct-name.  The default
		 (and only supported) structure is ``file''.

     sunique	 Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique file
		 names.  The remote FTP server must support FTP protocol STOU
		 command for successful completion.  The remote server will
		 report unique name.  Default value is off.

     system	 Show the type of operating system running on the remote
		 machine.

     tenex	 Set the file transfer type to that needed to talk to TENEX
		 machines.

     throttle	 A synonym for rate.

     trace	 Toggle packet tracing.

     type [type-name]
		 Set the file transfer type to type-name.  If no type is spec-
		 ified, the current type is printed.  The default type is net-
		 work ASCII.

     umask [newmask]
		 Set the default umask on the remote server to newmask.  If
		 newmask is omitted, the current umask is printed.

     unset option
		 Unset option.	Refer to set for more information.

     usage command
		 Print the usage message for command.

     user user-name [password [account]]
		 Identify yourself to the remote FTP server.  If the password
		 is not specified and the server requires it, ftp will prompt
		 the user for it (after disabling local echo).	If an account
		 field is not specified, and the FTP server requires it, the
		 user will be prompted for it.	If an account field is speci-
		 fied, an account command will be relayed to the remote server
		 after the login sequence is completed if the remote server
		 did not require it for logging in.  Unless ftp is invoked
		 with ``auto-login'' disabled, this process is done automati-
		 cally on initial connection to the FTP server.

     verbose	 Toggle verbose mode.  In verbose mode, all responses from the
		 FTP server are displayed to the user.	In addition, if ver-
		 bose is on, when a file transfer completes, statistics
		 regarding the efficiency of the transfer are reported.  By
		 default, verbose is on.

     xferbuf size
     Commands which toggle settings can take an explicit on or off argument to
     force the setting appropriately.

     Commands which take a byte count as an argument (e.g., hash, rate, and
     xferbuf) support an optional suffix on the argument which changes the
     interpretation of the argument.  Supported suffixes are:
	   b	Causes no modification.  (Optional)
	   k	Kilo; multiply the argument by 1024
	   m	Mega; multiply the argument by 1048576
	   g	Giga; multiply the argument by 1073741824

     If ftp receives a SIGINFO (see the ``status'' argument of stty(1)) or
     SIGQUIT signal whilst a transfer is in progress, the current transfer
     rate statistics will be written to the standard error output, in the same
     format as the standard completion message.

AUTO-FETCHING FILES

     In addition to standard commands, this version of ftp supports an auto-
     fetch feature.  To enable auto-fetch, simply pass the list of host-
     names/files on the command line.

     The following formats are valid syntax for an auto-fetch element:

     [user@]host:[path][/]
	   ``Classic'' FTP format.

	   If path contains a glob character and globbing is enabled, (see
	   glob), then the equivalent of `mget path' is performed.

	   If the directory component of path contains no globbing characters,
	   it is stored locally with the name basename (see basename(1)) of
	   path, in the current directory.  Otherwise, the full remote name is
	   used as the local name, relative to the local root directory.

     ftp://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path[/][;type=X]
	   An FTP URL, retrieved using the FTP protocol if set ftp_proxy isn't
	   defined.  Otherwise, transfer the URL using HTTP via the proxy
	   defined in set ftp_proxy.  If set ftp_proxy isn't defined and user
	   is given, login as user.  In this case, use password if supplied,
	   otherwise prompt the user for one.

	   If a suffix of `;type=A' or `;type=I' is supplied, then the trans-
	   fer type will take place as ascii or binary (respectively).	The
	   default transfer type is binary.

	   In order to be compliant with RFC 1738, ftp interprets the path
	   part of an ``ftp://'' auto-fetch URL as follows:

	   o   The `/' immediately after the host[:port] is interpreted as a
	       separator before the path, and not as part of the path itself.

	   o   The path is interpreted as a `/'-separated list of name compo-
	       nents.  For all but the last such component, ftp performs the
	       equivalent of a cd command.  For the last path component, ftp
	       performs the equivalent of a get command.

	   o   Empty name components, which result from `//' within the path,
	       or from an extra `/' at the beginning of the path, will cause
	       `/') and `%7E' (which represents `~').

	   The above interpretation has the following consequences:

	   o   The path is interpreted relative to the default login directory
	       of the specified user or of the `anonymous' user.  If the /
	       directory is required, use a leading path of ``%2F''.  If a
	       user's home directory is required (and the remote server sup-
	       ports the syntax), use a leading path of ``%7Euser/''.  For
	       example, to retrieve /etc/motd from `localhost' as the user
	       `myname' with the password `mypass', use
	       ``ftp://myname:mypass@localhost/%2fetc/motd''

	   o   The exact cd and get commands can be controlled by careful
	       choice of where to use `/' and where to use `%2F' (or `%2f').
	       For example, the following URLs correspond to the equivalents
	       of the indicated commands:

	       ftp://host/dir1/dir2/file	 ``cd dir1'', ``cd dir2'',
						 ``get file''.

	       ftp://host/%2Fdir1/dir2/file	 ``cd /dir1'', ``cd dir2'',
						 ``get file''.

	       ftp://host/dir1%2Fdir2/file	 ``cd dir1/dir2'', ``get
						 file''.

	       ftp://host/%2Fdir1%2Fdir2/file	 ``cd /dir1/dir2'', ``get
						 file''.

	       ftp://host/dir1%2Fdir2%2Ffile	 ``get dir1/dir2/file''.

	       ftp://host/%2Fdir1%2Fdir2%2Ffile  ``get /dir1/dir2/file''.

	   o   You must have appropriate access permission for each of the
	       intermediate directories that is used in the equivalent of a cd
	       command.

     http://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path
	   An HTTP URL, retrieved using the HTTP protocol.  If set http_proxy
	   is defined, it is used as a URL to an HTTP proxy server.  If HTTP
	   authorization is required to retrieve path, and `user' (and option-
	   ally `password') is in the URL, use them for the first attempt to
	   authenticate.

     file:///path
	   A local URL, copied from /path on the local host.

     Unless noted otherwise above, and -o output is not given, the file is
     stored in the current directory as the basename(1) of path.

     If a classic format or an FTP URL format has a trailing `/' or an empty
     path component, then ftp will connect to the site and cd to the directory
     given as the path, and leave the user in interactive mode ready for fur-
     ther input.  This will not work if set ftp_proxy is being used.

     Direct HTTP transfers use HTTP 1.1.  Proxied FTP and HTTP transfers use
     HTTP 1.0.

     When specifying IPv6 numeric addresses in a URL, you need to surround the
     address in square brackets.  E.g.: ``ftp://[::1]:21/''.  This is because
     colons are used in IPv6 numeric address as well as being the separator
     for the port number.

ABORTING A FILE TRANSFER

     To abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key (usually Ctrl-
     C).  Sending transfers will be immediately halted.  Receiving transfers
     will be halted by sending an FTP protocol ABOR command to the remote
     server, and discarding any further data received.	The speed at which
     this is accomplished depends upon the remote server's support for ABOR
     processing.  If the remote server does not support the ABOR command, the
     prompt will not appear until the remote server has completed sending the
     requested file.

     If the terminal interrupt key sequence is used whilst ftp is awaiting a
     reply from the remote server for the ABOR processing, then the connection
     will be closed.  This is different from the traditional behaviour (which
     ignores the terminal interrupt during this phase), but is considered more
     useful.

FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS

     Files specified as arguments to ftp commands are processed according to
     the following rules.

     1.   If the file name `-' is specified, the stdin (for reading) or stdout
	  (for writing) is used.

     2.   If the first character of the file name is `|', the remainder of the
	  argument is interpreted as a shell command.  ftp then forks a shell,
	  using popen(3) with the argument supplied, and reads (writes) from
	  the stdout (stdin).  If the shell command includes spaces, the argu-
	  ment must be quoted; e.g.  ``"| ls -lt"''.  A particularly useful
	  example of this mechanism is: ``dir "" |more''.

     3.   Failing the above checks, if ``globbing'' is enabled, local file
	  names are expanded according to the rules used in the csh(1); c.f.
	  the glob command.  If the ftp command expects a single local file
	  (e.g.  put), only the first filename generated by the "globbing"
	  operation is used.

     4.   For mget commands and get commands with unspecified local file
	  names, the local filename is the remote filename, which may be
	  altered by a case, ntrans, or nmap setting.  The resulting filename
	  may then be altered if runique is on.

     5.   For mput commands and put commands with unspecified remote file
	  names, the remote filename is the local filename, which may be
	  altered by a ntrans or nmap setting.	The resulting filename may
	  then be altered by the remote server if sunique is on.

FILE TRANSFER PARAMETERS

     The FTP specification specifies many parameters which may affect a file
     transfer.	The type may be one of ``ascii'', ``image'' (binary),
     ``ebcdic'', and ``local byte size'' (for PDP-10's and PDP-20's mostly).
     ftp supports the ascii and image types of file transfer, plus local byte
     size 8 for tenex mode transfers.
     ment variable.  The following tokens are recognized; they may be sepa-
     rated by spaces, tabs, or new-lines:

     machine name
	       Identify a remote machine name.	The auto-login process
	       searches the .netrc file for a machine token that matches the
	       remote machine specified on the ftp command line or as an open
	       command argument.  Once a match is made, the subsequent .netrc
	       tokens are processed, stopping when the end of file is reached
	       or another machine or a default token is encountered.

     default   This is the same as machine name except that default matches
	       any name.  There can be only one default token, and it must be
	       after all machine tokens.  This is normally used as:

		     default login anonymous password user@site

	       thereby giving the user an automatic anonymous FTP login to
	       machines not specified in .netrc.  This can be overridden by
	       using the -n flag to disable auto-login.

     login name
	       Identify a user on the remote machine.  If this token is
	       present, the auto-login process will initiate a login using the
	       specified name.

     password string
	       Supply a password.  If this token is present, the auto-login
	       process will supply the specified string if the remote server
	       requires a password as part of the login process.  Note that if
	       this token is present in the .netrc file for any user other
	       than anonymous, ftp will abort the auto-login process if the
	       .netrc is readable by anyone besides the user.

     account string
	       Supply an additional account password.  If this token is
	       present, the auto-login process will supply the specified
	       string if the remote server requires an additional account
	       password, or the auto-login process will initiate an ACCT com-
	       mand if it does not.

     macdef name
	       Define a macro.	This token functions like the ftp macdef com-
	       mand functions.	A macro is defined with the specified name;
	       its contents begin with the next .netrc line and continue until
	       a blank line (consecutive new-line characters) is encountered.
	       If a macro named init is defined, it is automatically executed
	       as the last step in the auto-login process.  For example,

		     default
		     macdef init
		     epsv4 off

	       followed by a blank line.

COMMAND LINE EDITING

     ftp supports interactive command line editing, via the editline(3)
     library.  It is enabled with the edit command, and is enabled by default
     command and filename completion (including remote file completion).  To
     use this, bind a key to the editline(3) command ftp-complete.  By
     default, this is bound to the TAB key.

COMMAND LINE PROMPT

     By default, ftp displays a command line prompt of ``ftp> '' to the user.
     This can be changed with the set prompt command.

     A prompt can be displayed on the right side of the screen (after the com-
     mand input) with the set rprompt command.

     The following formatting sequences are replaced by the given information:

	   %/	The current remote working directory.

	   %c[[0]n],%.[[0]n]
		The trailing component of the current remote working direc-
		tory, or n trailing components if a digit n is given.  If n
		begins with `0', the number of skipped components precede the
		trailing component(s) in the format ``/<number>trailing'' (for
		`%c') or ``...trailing'' (for `%.').

	   %M	The remote host name.

	   %m	The remote host name, up to the first `.'.

	   %n	The remote user name.

	   %%	A single `%'.

ENVIRONMENT

     ftp uses the following environment variables.

     FTPANONPASS    Password to send in an anonymous FTP transfer.  Defaults
		    to ```whoami`@''.

     FTPMODE	    Overrides the default operation mode.  Support values are:

		    active   active mode FTP only

		    auto     automatic determination of passive or active
			     (this is the default)

		    gate     gate-ftp mode

		    passive  passive mode FTP only

     FTPPROMPT	    Command-line prompt to use.  Defaults to ``ftp> ''.  Refer
		    to COMMAND LINE PROMPT for more information.

     FTPRPROMPT     Command-line right side prompt to use.  Defaults to ``''.
		    Refer to COMMAND LINE PROMPT for more information.

     FTPSERVER	    Host to use as gate-ftp server when gate is enabled.

     FTPSERVERPORT  Port to use when connecting to gate-ftp server when gate
		    is enabled.  Default is port returned by a getservbyname()
		    lookup of ``ftpgate/tcp''.
		    more(1) if empty or not set.

     SHELL	    For default shell.

     ftp_proxy	    URL of FTP proxy to use when making FTP URL requests (if
		    not defined, use the standard FTP protocol).

		    NOTE: this is not used for interactive sessions, only for
		    command-line fetches.

     http_proxy     URL of HTTP proxy to use when making HTTP URL requests.
		    If proxy authentication is required and there is a user-
		    name and password in this URL, they will automatically be
		    used in the first attempt to authenticate to the proxy.

		    Note that the use of a username and password in ftp_proxy
		    and http_proxy may be incompatible with other programs
		    that use it (such as lynx(1)).

		    NOTE: this is not used for interactive sessions, only for
		    command-line fetches.

     no_proxy	    A space or comma separated list of hosts (or domains) for
		    which proxying is not to be used.  Each entry may have an
		    optional trailing ":port", which restricts the matching to
		    connections to that port.

EXTENDED PASSIVE MODE AND FIREWALLS

     Some firewall configurations do not allow ftp to use extended passive
     mode.  If you find that even a simple ls appears to hang after printing a
     message such as this:

	   229 Entering Extended Passive Mode (|||58551|)

     then you will need to disable extended passive mode with epsv4 off.  See
     the above section The .netrc File for an example of how to make this
     automatic.

SEE ALSO

     getservbyname(3), editrc(5), services(5), ftpd(8)

STANDARDS

     ftp attempts to be compliant with RFC 959, RFC 1123, RFC 1738, RFC 2068,
     RFC 2389, RFC 2428, RFC 2732, and draft-ietf-ftpext-mlst-11.

HISTORY

     The ftp command appeared in 4.2BSD.

     Various features such as command line editing, context sensitive command
     and file completion, dynamic progress bar, automatic fetching of files
     and URLs, modification time preservation, transfer rate throttling, con-
     figurable command line prompt, and other enhancements over the standard
     BSD ftp were implemented in NetBSD 1.3 and later releases by Luke Mewburn
     <lukem@NetBSD.org>.

     IPv6 support was added by the WIDE/KAME project (but may not be present
     in all non-NetBSD versions of this program, depending if the operating
     system supports IPv6 in a similar manner to KAME).
     type.  Avoid this problem by using the binary image type.

     ftp assumes that all IPv4 mapped addresses (IPv6 addresses with a form
     like ::ffff:10.1.1.1) indicate IPv4 destinations which can be handled by
     AF_INET sockets.  However, in certain IPv6 network configurations, this
     assumption is not true.  In such an environment, IPv4 mapped addresses
     must be passed to AF_INET6 sockets directly.  For example, if your site
     uses a SIIT translator for IPv6-to-IPv4 translation, ftp is unable to
     support your configuration.

FreeBSD 5.4		       December 19, 2003		   FreeBSD 5.4

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